The poliovirus type I IRES is able to recruit ribosomal machinery for efficient translation of the viral genome only in the presence of host factor PCBP2 that binds to stem loop IV of the IRES. Upon production of sufficient viral protein, including viral protease 3CD, PCBP2 is cleaved and translation ceases, allowing the next stage of replication to commence. We have investigated the interaction of PCBP2 with the apical region of stem loop IV of poliovirus RNA before and after its cleavage. SEC-SAXS, SHAPE and hydroxyl-radical cleavage have been used to establish the changes in solution conformation, RNA flexibility and base accessibility that occur upon PCBP2 binding in comparison with its cleaved form. PCBP2 stabilises the SLIV structure, but upon cleavage the remaining complex becomes more flexible and of lower affinity. Together this study sheds light on the structural features of the PCBP2/SLIV complex vital for ribosomal docking, and the way that this is regulated following translation of the poliovirus genome.